Horizontal+Circulation

Horizontal Circulation

The design of horizontal circulation frequently determines the basic shape and character of the entire structure. 
 * 1. ****What is it that the design of horizontal circulation determines? **



The first practical requirement of any circulation system is that it be adequate in size. The second requirement in circulation design is dotted directness. A Good circulation plan should work well in either direction. The second requirement in circulation design is dotted directness. A Good circulation plan should work well in either direction. The third requirement in circulation design is that points of convergence traffic must be expressed. This is especially important in the design of facilities for rapid exists.
 * 2. ****What are the four practical requirements of any horizontal circulation system mentioned in the lecture? **

The forth requirement in circulation design is that changes in levels must be clearly expressed. The architect can choose an amount of several treatments to express the changing level. A wall and ceiling treatments would prepare a crowd for the steps ahead of time.




 * 3. ****What are the three examples (names of buildings) mentioned by Prof. Watanabe to illustrate different horizontal circulation patterns? **

· The Pennsylvania Station in New York.  · The Centro Soyuz building in Moscow. <span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT'; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;"> <span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT'; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;">The Palace of Justice in Paris. <span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT'; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">

<span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT'; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;">Circulation is important in any architectural design because it has an esthetic and functional value. Circulations should give the impression that they leave to some definite place, in esthetic terms, a climax. If one can see ahead some inviting or dynamic visually fact, progress becomes easy and pleasant. The easiest type of progression is in straight line; the focal point can serve as the sign of directional change in circulation by showing the person that the circulation ends there or that he has to take a change in direction. <span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT'; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;"> The architect has the alternative of making a structure convenient, clear and practical or torturous, confuse and inefficient. <span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT'; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-language: ES-VE;"> Circulations elements establish the relationship between the parts and the hole and between the circulations pattern itself and the general sense and form of the entire structure.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT'; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Bodoni MT'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Bodoni MT'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msobidifontfamily: 'Bodoni MT'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Bodoni MT'; msolist: Ignore;">4. ****<span style="font-family: 'Bodoni MT'; font-size: 13pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Why is the concept of Horizontal Circulation important in any urban plan or architectural design? **